Due to its special natural and geographical conditions, the city of Tonekabon is susceptible to many shocks, including earthquakes and floods, which brings the need to pay attention to Urban resilience. The present study was conducted to analyze the state of Urban neighborhoods from the perspective of Urban resilience components. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The research's statistical population was comprised of citizens living in Tonekabon city. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software programs. The findings of this research showed that the overall resilience of Tonekabon city is in an unfavorable situation. In such a way, the average experimental value obtained for the overall resilience of the city and its dimensions was lower than the average value of 3. Among the localities of the studied area, Karim Abad neighborhood, in which the overall average obtained was equal to 2.78, was in a better condition than other localities, and Tonekabon neighborhood, according to the average (2.39), was in an unfavorable condition among the studied localities. Among the other research findings, among the components of Urban resilience, the physical factor with a path coefficient of 0.490 has the most significant impact and was ranked first, followed by the economic factor with a path coefficient of 0.348. In third place is the administrative, institutional factor with a path coefficient of 0.327 and in fourth place is the social dimension with a path coefficient of 0.264.

Good Urban governance is one of the concepts that it takes into consideration the general welfare of citizens and its policies and programs are within the framework of specific indicators. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate good Urban governance indicators in the central neighborhoods of Marivan city, (1, 2, 4, 14). The data and information of this research were collected in two ways, library and survey, that in the survey method, the questionnaire tool was used that validity and reliability were confirmed by experts in this field. The total sample size was estimated at 380 people using the Cochran formula, the sampling method is non-random and questionnaires were distributed randomly among citizens. SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data, and given the normality of the data, ANOVA test was used. Using Tukey’ s test, the differences between each neighborhood were investigated. The results indicated that in the neighborhoods studied, good Urban governance indexes are not in desirable condition. The first and 14th neighborhoods do not have a significant difference in terms of accountability, consistency orientation and justice, and in other indices, these two neighborhoods have significant differences with each other. This significant difference is not high due to the difference in the average of the indices studied in both neighborhoods, and it can be said that the status of Urban governance indicators in these two neighborhoods, like the two and four neighborhoods, is not in a desirable situation, and all of them are on almost the same level.

The purpose of this study is to prioritize Urban neighborhoods with the approach of sustainable development indicators in neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. Library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used to obtain information. In order to prioritize the neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas based on sustainability indicators, a questionnaire of sustainable indicators in social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions was designed. Then, using the opinions of 30 experts, neighborhood prioritization was evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, first effective indicators in different dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, physical and environmental) have been identified and in four categories of definition and binary comparison matrix for each factor has been prepared and provided to experts. The results of the studies show that Golshahr, Azadegano Shah Hosseini neighborhoods have more stability in sustainable development indicators and Duhezar, Tohid and Nakhl Nakhoda neighborhoods have less stability than other neighborhoods of the city.

ABSTRACT In the form of a participatory, democratic process, neighborhood development has been the focus of sustainable Urban neighborhood development programs for the past decades. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to investigate effective solutions in promoting people's participation in neighborhood planning. his research is descriptive-analytical. Its data has been collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire made by the researcher from the residents of the 14 districts). The findings of Friedman's analysis show that the factors of delegating responsibility to citizens with an average of 6.57, awareness of plans and projects with 5.33, trust in the municipality with 5.16, feeling of belonging to a place with 4.76, satisfaction with municipal services, 4.76 They are the most important factors in the participation of citizens in the neighborhoods. The results of multivariate correlation, the value of the coefficient between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable of the research (neighborhood participation) is 0.689, which indicates a strong correlation between the variables. Spatial analysis shows social participation in 14 districts that Dolab neighborhood with a score of 0.600, Gozpayin Dolab neighborhood with 0.602, Nurse neighborhood with a score of 0.752, and Shkoufeh neighborhood with a score of 0.734 are respectively the most favorable and unfavorable neighborhoods in terms of social participation indicators among the neighborhoods Extended Abstract Introduction Sustainable design and sustainable Urban planning is in need of social sustainability, and social sustainability is in need of citizen's participation. Therefore public participation plays a crucial role in the way to achieve sustainability. Meanwhile 8th Goal of United Nation in Millennium Development Goals is: “Develop a global partnership for development” and city managers has been taken into consideration participation in recent years. In the form of a participatory, democratic process, neighborhood development has been the focus of sustainable Urban neighborhood development programs for the past decades. This exploratory review of the literature provides a comprehensive overview of the settings that are available to the planner when managing participatory strategic planning of spatial socio-economic development on the local level. We contextualize individual potential configurations of participation in local development planning practice, documented in a number of case studies from different parts of the world, in order to reflect the multidimensionality of the participatory planning process. These reflections are used to build a participation plan model, which aimed to help local planners, especially local governments, to optimize the participation of local stakeholders, according to the specifics of the local environment. In this regard, the aim of the In this article is to investigate effective solutions in promoting people's participation in neighborhood planning.   Methodology he research method in this study was based on descriptive-analytical using statistical analysis. The information needed in this research has been collected through documentary and field studies (researcher-made questionnaire) from the residents of District 14. The statistical population was the residents of District 14 of Tehran Municipality. The sample size was calculated by Cochran's formula. The number of the sample community was 384 people The distribution of the questionnaire was simple random within the localities. Statistical analysis was used for analysis.   Results and discussion  The reliability of the questionnaire was measured with Cronbach's alpha (0/79) at the level of the components, and it was used for validity in the opinion of professors and experts. In order to analyze the findings, multivariate correlation analysis and Friedman's analysis were used, and Waspas model were used to ranking of localities. The findings of Friedman's analysis show the research The most important factors are assigning responsibility to citizens with an average of 6/57, awareness of plans and projects with 5.33, trust in the municipality with 5/16, feeling of belonging to a place with 4.76, satisfaction with Urban services, 4/73 respectively. They are effective in the participation of citizens in the neighborhoods. The results of multivariate correlation, the value of the coefficient between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable of the research (neighborhood participation) is 0.689, which indicates a strong correlation between the variables. The spatial analysis of social participation in the districts of region 14 shows that Dolab with a score of 0/600 and Gozpain Dolab with a score of 0/602, parastar with a score of 0/752 and Shokofeh with a score of 0/734 are respectively the most desirable and unfavorable neighborhoods in terms of participation indicators. They have a community among the neighborhoods. We only found a kind of good practice example in the field of attempts to secure the participation of the vast majority of locals in local development planning—it appears to be the recognition and empowerment of local neighborhoods and institutionalized communities in planning that is represented by community leadership.   Conclusion comprehensive framework was developed for Urban planning for sustainability in Urban neighborhoods of Tehran's 14th district. It was concluded that a participatory approach is vital for creating successful and sustainable planning Urban neighborhoods, as has been agreed upon by many authors. This research paper demonstrates the importance of participation for progressing towards sustainable neighborhoods planning. In order to develop a proper framework, local matters were investigated, a literature review was carried out, and the field studies was followed. Most of the findings reached through the use of thefield studies emphasize the importance of using the dimensions and categories for the proposed framework. the neighborhoods of the 14th district of Tehran municipality, it can achieve participatory planning if it first facilitates the residents to do all kinds of joint work, both economically, socially and culturally, and physically and environmentally. to lead people; Second, Urban management With a systematic view of the city, take a step towards integrated Urban management and delegation of powers to local administrations. It is only in this way that we can hope that the neighborhood and the city will achieve sustainable development.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Sustainable Urban development, as the most important matter of today Urban planning, is on the principle that a city space is formed in the neighborhood and continues on its base; so neighborhood development is considered as the key action to achieve sustainable development. In this way, assessment of the sustainability is considered as an effective step towards achieving Urban sustainability with the use of various indicators in Urban neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is assessment and comparative analysis of sustainability in old and new neighborhoods in Kerman, and it is a combination of remained neighborhoods of the previous periods and new Urban developments, due to its historical development. Meanwhile each of these two neighborhoods, based on their conditions and characteristics, represent the degree of adaptation with principles of sustainable development. The descriptive-analytical method is used in this research and the results of this research are practical-developmental. In this study, five dimensions of sustainability were evaluated in 49 indicators, after reviewing the literature and exploratory studies in Kerman areas, including environmental, physical- spatial, socio-cultural, economic and institutional-political. After completing the questionnaire, methods and statistical techniques have been used to analyze the sustainability level, such as Pearson, single-sample T-test, K2 test, Regression analysis in Spss software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results have shown that the most stable dimension is the economic one in both neighborhoods. In general, the sustainaability in the old and new Urban neighborhoods in Kerman is lower than the average value and Malek Mosque (old Urban neighborhood) is in a worse situation than Motahari (new Urban neighborhood).

Extended abstract:Introduction:From the very beginning of society development and the basic biological complexes, human have tried to take control of their environment in response to one of their most basic innate needs. In this regard, since the purpose of planning is to improve the environment in terms of security, health, beauty, convenience and general welfare, quality of the environment has been considered as one of the key issues in the topics of planning and design. In relation to this concept, the importance of Urban residential environments as the main residence of people is increasing day by day, so that in the first place these environments provide important tools for the development of different life indicators such as health, family, work or leisure.

Urban spaces as areas for social life, are places for Urban activities, social correlations, social interchange and formal behavior with others. Considering the features and uses, and according to the qualities of these spaces, they are capable of extending the social domain and they can have negative or positive effect on social connections, trust, social correlations and collaborations which all are components of social capital. One of the factors that can increase the level of interactions, is the movement of pedestrian in Urban spaces. This research is done to discover and analyze the effects of walkability on improving the social capital in the sample neighborhoods of Tehran Megalopolis. In this research for determining of neighborhoods walkability level, GIS, VICKOR models, Shanon entropy and AHP, and for the testing of the social capital indexes is used questioner method and SPSS software. The result of this research shows that with the correlation coefficient (0. 144) between two variables, there is no meaningful relation between walkability and social capital. So, with rejecting the hypothesis of the research, it's true that it can not be said firmly that with walkability spaces we can improve social capital, but maybe it can be said that the existing spaces are not qualified enough, and with creating pedestrian – oriented spaces with qualities based on Urban design principles or with improving the quality of existing spaces can be improved social capital in the Urban spaces.

Extended abstract:Introduction:In addition to negative environmental and economic impacts of sprawl in cities, the phenomenon leads to high rate of social costs due to neighborhood movement and formation of suburbs. Urban sprawl or vertical expansion with new constructions around city can cause socio-economic damages and environmental destruction in cities. Jane Jacobs in the death and life of great American cities addresses security issues, spatial and physical deterrent factors of cities and neighborhoods. In this present study, we have explored Maragheh city. Despite population changes of Maragheh in different periods, the city is faced with turbulence and changes in Urban growth. However, population of Maragheh in 45 years (1966-2011) increased 2.7 times (Iran Statistic center, 2011), in turn the area of the city at the same period increased 16.5 times and faster than its population growth (extracted and calculated by author based on detailed plan and Iran statistic center data, 2009). This has resulted in an imbalance between area and population growth in each period of Urban growth. This pattern of physical growth of this city tends to be sprawl expansion. It seems that this form of city expansion have caused socio-economic impacts, especially undesirable environmental impacts such as agriculture land use changes, air and soil pollution, and degradation of Urban green spaces. Based on these findings, suitable pattern in regard to growth and physical expansion of the city is captured by special importance and have to be considered in planning.

As it is commonly understood, Urban neighborhoods play a significant role in developing Urban sustainability as the smallest unit of city so that the formation and promotion of neighborhood identity, and focusing on social relationships would be in harmony with Urban sustainability. It is believed that a dramatic change in spatial structure of Urban neighborhood include a decline in levels of political, social and economic role of neighborhoods as long as they have had some disadvantages such as environmental pollution, marginalization, poor housing, social-psychological and cultural damages, and particularly losing spiritual and material values as well in the recent decades. To limit these disadvantages associated with communities, neighborhood centers should be designed. The purpose of this study will analyze the concept of neighborhoods and neighborhoods’ centers and their effects on Urban sustainability by descriptive- analytical approach and by gathering information through libraries and reviewing documents. This paper engages in analyzing components, dimensions, factors of sustainability and neighborhoods centers that integrated in the final model which characterized by practical-economic, environmental, empirical- aesthetic components; and, the validity of the used questionnaires based on factors of this model with 387 subjects (the selected sample) and the reliability of the questionnaires by using Cronbach Alpha through Bartlett Test and KMO factor at high level of 0/85 was proved. The level of significance of each component was reexamined by concerning their effects on Urban sustainability. By applying multiple- regression test, the statistical outcomes reveal that designing based on environmental components have the utmost impact on neighborhoods sustainability.

Reduce consumption of fossil fuel and that`s negative effects is one of the most important issues related to sustainable development. With increasing distance from CBD, increasing walking time to public transportation, reducing density and mixed land use, car dependence and fuel consumption will be increased in transportation sector. In this regard and reducing fuel consumption in transportation sector, understanding the proper and sustainable Urban forms and analysis of the current Urban forms is an undeniable necessity for planning. This paper examines the findings of an empirical study, that have been studied the effects of Urban form on households travel behavior in transportation sector in three neighborhoods of Shiraz with different Urban form characteristics. The variables investigated in this research include the Urban form variables and households car ownership. The Urban form variables in this study contain of distance from CBD, walking time to public transport, mixed land use and density. Also travel frequency, travel time; travel distance and modal choice are travel behavior variables have been studied in this article. Information about Urban form variables have been extracted from GIS maps of Shiraz and data of household travel behavior and car ownership are extracted from questionnaires. Number of questionnaires in this research is 260. To examine the relationship between Urban form variables and travel behavior and car ownership, correlation analysis is used. Results of this study indicate the relationship between Urban form and travel behavior variables, and households residing in neighborhoods close to CBD with high density and mixed land use have a different travel behavior with residents of other neighborhoods.